Peter Schumann is the German-born artist who founded Bread and Puppet Theater in 1963, and the central figure in American political puppetry.

He came from sculpture and dance

rather than from puppet theatre, which shows in everything the company makes. Bread and Puppet’s figures are built as moving sculpture — huge, rough, expressive at distance — rather than as characters designed for close inspection.

The bread is not a metaphor

Schumann bakes sourdough rye and serves it free at performances, on the argument that art should be as ordinary and as necessary as food, and priced accordingly. Sixty years on, this is still the practice.

The construction philosophy

Papier-mâché over armature, cardboard, cloth, scrap timber, house paint. Nothing expensive, nothing precious, everything repairable and replaceable. The associated Cheap Art manifesto argues directly against art as a luxury commodity, and the company sells its prints and publications for very little as a matter of principle.

Why a builder should take that seriously

It is the most complete working counterexample to the idea that good puppetry requires specialist suppliers and expensive foam. Bread and Puppet has made internationally significant work for six decades out of materials you could gather this afternoon.

The politics are inseparable

from the work — the company formed around Vietnam-era protest and has continued in that vein since, performing at demonstrations and processions as readily as in theatres.

Based in rural Vermont

since the 1970s, where the company farms, performs outdoors in summer, and keeps a museum of accumulated puppets in a converted barn.